NaI(Tl) detectors have many applications-specifically in hand-held radioisotope identification devices (RID) which are used to detect the presence of radioactive material where a lower resolution is sufficient, as they benefit from a generally higher sensitivity. Further development, such as limiting the charge trapping effects in CZT to provide improved sensitivity and energy resolution are discussed. The spectrometric performance of CZT detectors, their robustness and simplicity are key to the successful verification of irradiated materials. Alternative cooling systems have been evaluated and electrically cooled HpGe detectors show a potential added value, especially for unattended measurements. HRGS with high-purity Germanium (HpGe) detectors cooled by liquid nitrogen is widely used in nuclear safeguards to verify the isotopic composition of plutonium or uranium in non-irradiated material. These detectors are part of standardized spectrometry systems: germanium detectors for High-Resolution Gamma Spectrometry (HRGS) Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors for Room Temperature Gamma Spectrometry (RTGS) and NaI(Tl) detectors for Low Resolution Gamma Spectrometry (LRGS). The IAEA uses extensively a variety of gamma radiation detectors to verify nuclear material.
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